docker的基本命令

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Docker的常用命令

一、帮助命令

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docker version # 显示docker的版本
docker info 
docker 命令 --help # 万能命令

二、镜像命令

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# 查看镜像
docker images  # 列出所有镜像
docker images -a
docker images -aq # 只显示镜像id
# 搜索镜像
docker search --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索镜像star大于3000
# 下载镜像
docker pull 镜像[:tag] # 如果不写tag 默认是 latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete  # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id # 删除多个的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像

三、容器命令

新建容器并启动

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docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台运行方式
-it 使用交互式运行 进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	—P 主机端口：容器端口 
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P 随机端口

列出所有的运行的容器

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# docker ps 命令
   # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 最近创建过的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
1a8af1ce6330
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS     NAMES
1a8af1ce6330   centos    "/bin/bash"   12 minutes ago   Exited (127) About a minute ago             zealous_bartik

退出容器

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exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出

删除容器

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docker rm 容器id       			# 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	 # 删除全部容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker run # 删除全部容器（linux命令）

启动和停止容器的操作

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docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id

四、常用其他命令

后台启动容器
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# docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑， docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker 发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
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docker logs
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo test;sleep 1;done"
# 查看当前在运行的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
9916a0298bfd   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   19 seconds ago   Up 18 seconds             condescending_curie
113e7bdad55e   centos    "/bin/bash"              12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             serene_pasteur
# 显示日志
-tf 
--tail number # 要显示日志的条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10  113e7bdad55e
查看容器中进程信息
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# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 9916a0298bfd
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME     
root                180675              180655              0                   20:05      root                183113              180675              0                   20:44
查看镜像的元数据
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# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 9916a0298bfd 
[
    {
        "Id": "9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0",
        "Created": "2022-03-23T00:05:18.49632074Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true; do echo test;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 180675,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-03-23T00:05:19.263635448Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0/9916a0298bfd3fb37d142bdd8bc056a5c943f8aa3c08bc7e1bb75081ee2a3ed0-json.log",
        "Name": "/condescending_curie",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2db2e17cdb47f8a05997664e4e31dc8f59b611e2d23388bc52b56c4407d27cc3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e75ba16da0fef020c7930a9b6190dbd33a83a8324702c144c689c5cd4e323146/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2db2e17cdb47f8a05997664e4e31dc8f59b611e2d23388bc52b56c4407d27cc3/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2db2e17cdb47f8a05997664e4e31dc8f59b611e2d23388bc52b56c4407d27cc3/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2db2e17cdb47f8a05997664e4e31dc8f59b611e2d23388bc52b56c4407d27cc3/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "9916a0298bfd",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true; do echo test;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "f28f51fd2c85ab7e8ba88827ec901c9ef4b517428747bd1cdf5196810db622c7",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f28f51fd2c85",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "41b020afb72dc9602f5a030e56d816692170c2f0427377829da822e62976732a",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "d91d646c67beba9f1d4aa5cfa191bad1f24cf153ae1c6e3a37cf34599502a27f",
                    "EndpointID": "41b020afb72dc9602f5a030e56d816692170c2f0427377829da822e62976732a",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
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# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
9916a0298bfd   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour             condescending_curie
113e7bdad55e   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour             serene_pasteur
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9916a0298bfd /bin/bash
[root@9916a0298bfd /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 00:05 ?        00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true; do echo test;sleep 1;done
root        4061       0  0 01:12 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        4088       1  0 01:12 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        4089    4061  0 01:12 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec     # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach	  # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内烤贝文件到主机上
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docker cp  b4bb1f3f7685:/home/test.java /home
#进入docker容器内
[root@b4bb1f3f7685 /]# cd /home
[root@b4bb1f3f7685 home]# ls
# 创建java文件
[root@b4bb1f3f7685 home]# touch test.java
[root@b4bb1f3f7685 home]# ls
test.java
[root@b4bb1f3f7685 home]# exit
exit
docker cp 容器id:容器内部路径 目的的主路径
[root@localhost home]# docker cp  b4bb1f3f7685:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
shawn  test.java

五、安装服务器软件

安装Tomcat
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# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
# 我们之前的启动都是后台，停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到 docker run -it --rm 一般用来测试，用完就删除
#下载在启动
docker pull tomcat:9.0
安装es+kibana
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# es 暴露的端口很多
# es 十分的耗内存
# es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录 挂载
# --net somenetwork 网路配置

# 启动 elasticsearch
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch01 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2

# 启动了 linux就卡住了 docker stats 查看cpu的状态

# es 是十分耗内存的 1.xG   1核2G

# 查看 docker stats

# 测试一下es是否成功了
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "6620e2b536c4",
  "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  "cluster_uuid" : "9i4LLjxvTVKf46Hp1qHkqA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
# 赶紧关闭，增加内存的限制,修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改
docker run -d --name elasticsearch02 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2
可视化

docker 图形化界面管理工具！提供一个后台供我们操作

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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8090:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer